Often referred as "My wife"
Wei Y, Pan T, Zhao Y, Chen Z, Wu L, Fang S, et al
Chaloupka, "How big is the worldwide cigarette smuggling problem?" Tobacco Control in Developing Countries, ed., Prabhat Jha and Frank Chaloupka, (Geneva: Oxford Medical Publications, 2000), 365
Thus, the innovation of this study is (1) investigating the quality of indoor air of Tehran cafs and comparing with the outdoor air quality, (2) investigating the concentration of formaldehyde pollutant inside waterpipe cafs for the first time in the Middle East, (3) investigating the simultaneous effect of waterpipe and cigarette cafs on air pollutants in the indoor and outdoor air, (4) comparing concentrations of CO, formaldehyde, and nicotine in the cafs that use fruit-flavored tobacco and those that serve traditional tobacco, and (5) assessing the cancer and non-cancer risks of formaldehyde in indoor air of waterpipe cafs